Romans — Chapters

Paul introduces himself as an apostle, proclaims the gospel, then explains that God's revelation has led humanity into sin, exposing the need for salvation through Christ.

Paul rebukes hypocritical Jews who judge others while doing the same, affirms that God judges all justly, and stresses that true righteousness comes from an inward heart rather than outward observance of the law.

Romans 3 shows that all people, Jews and Gentiles alike, are under sin and cannot be justified by the law; instead, God’s righteousness is available to all through faith in Jesus Christ.

Paul argues that Abraham was justified by faith, not works, and that this justification by faith applies to all believers, regardless of law or circumcision.

Justified by faith, believers have peace with God, access to grace, and hope that perseverance through tribulation leads to spiritual growth, while Christ’s death offers salvation for all.

Romans 6 exhorts believers to leave sin behind after baptism, depicting the Christian life as a continual walk in newness of life, freed from sin’s dominion.

Romans 7 portrays Paul’s struggle between the law and sin, explaining how believers are freed from the law through Christ yet still confront internal conflict.

Romans 8 presents the liberating work of the Spirit, showing believers are freed from sin and death, empowered to live in harmony with God's will, and assured of God’s love and ultimate victory.

Paul explains that God’s sovereign choice and mercy determine election, contrasting Israel’s failure to attain righteousness by faith with the Gentiles’ faith‑based salvation.

Paul urges the Christian community to believe and confess Jesus for salvation, emphasizes the necessity of preaching the gospel, and laments Israel's unbelief.

Romans 11 presents Paul’s reassurance that God has not abandoned Israel, explains the olive‑tree metaphor to illustrate the relationship between Israel and Gentiles, and concludes with the promise that all Israel will ultimately be saved.

Romans 12 calls Christians to live transformed, self‑less lives, united in one body and serving God through a diversity of gifts, while encouraging love, humility, and justice.

Romans 13 urges believers to submit to governing authorities as ordained by God, while emphasizing that love and obedience to the law are the ultimate obligations, and it calls for a moral awakening and the wearing of spiritual armor.

The chapter exhorts believers to respect one another’s differing convictions about food and lifestyle, urging them to live for the Lord without judging, and to act with love and unity.

Paul urges believers to support one another and emphasizes his mission to preach the gospel to Gentiles, while planning a future visit to Spain.

Romans 16 is a closing chapter filled with personal greetings, commendations, a warning against divisive teachers, and a benediction that emphasizes the peace and authority of Christ over Satan.